Telling Her Story: The Representation of Women in Hamilton: An American Musical (2015)
Abstract
“Who Lives, Who Dies, Who Tells Your Story?”. These were the three questions that resonated within the walls of The Public Theater, New York City, as what critics would later describe as an outstanding performance came to an end on the 20th of January 2015. Hamilton: An American Musical’s author, Lin-Manuel Miranda, has been praised for turning the story of Alexander Hamilton, the United States’ first Secretary of Treasury, into an inclusive work of art which has since often been associated with the word “revolutionary”. It is undeniable that, much to some historians’ joy and others’ dismay (Herrera 2018), the musical based on Ron Chernow’s 2004 biography Alexander Hamilton succeeded not only in modernizing and “humanizing” the image of some of the Founding Fathers, therefore reintroducing them into popular culture, but also in redirecting the projectors towards non-white musical performers by turning what is often told as a white men centered narrative into an immigrant success story. Nevertheless, one ought to question whether the musical truly succeeds in its attempt to ‘revolutionize’ the historical narrative by analyzing an important aspect of the Founding Era: the lack of importance given to the women who are so often omitted from the narrative. This article will analyze Miranda’s representation of Angelica and Eliza Schuyler as well as Maria Reynolds in an attempt to highlight the simultaneous contemporary struggle to integrate feminism into the dramatic and male focused milieu of historical musical theater. To do so, equal importance will be given to the analysis of the audio-visual content of the performance and Miranda’s socio-cultural context.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Burke, Tarana. n.d. “History and Inception”. Me Too Movement website https://metoomvmt.org/get-to-know-us/history-inception/.
Cephas-Jones, Jasmine. 2015. “Say No To This.” Hamilton: An American Musical. New York: Atlantic Records.
Cephas-Jones, Jasmine. 2015. “The Schuyler Sisters.” Hamilton: An American Musical. New York: Atlantic Records.
Chernow, Ron. 2004. Alexander Hamilton. New York City: Penguin Group.
Cutterham, Tom. 2016. “‘And When I Meet Thomas Jefferson...’”. Monticello website, http://www.monticello.org/site/blog-and-community/posts/and-when-i-meet-thomas-jefferson.
Drajpuch, Kayla. 2021. “Quiet Misogyny in ‘Hamilton’.” The Evanstonian. https://www.evanstonian.net/arts-entertainment/2021/10/15/quiet-misogyny-in-hamilton/.
Elliot, Andrew J., and Adam D. Pazda. 2012. “Dressed for Sex: Red as a Female Sexual Signal in Humans.” NCBI website. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3326027/.
Foucault, Michel. 1995. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. Translated by Alan Sheridan. New York: Random House.
Goldsberry, Renée Elise. 2015. “Non-Stop.” Hamilton: An American Musical. New York: Atlantic Records.
Goldsberry, Renée Elise. 2015. “The Reynolds Pamphlet.” Hamilton: An American Musical. New York: Atlantic Records.
Goldsberry, Renée Elise. 2015. “The Schuyler Sisters.” Hamilton: An American Musical. New York: Atlantic Records.
Greenblatt, Stephen. 1980. Renaissance Self-fashioning: From More to Shakespeare. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Greenblatt, Stephen. 1989. “Towards a Poetics of Culture.” In The New Historicism. Harold Aram Veeser (ed.). New York: Routledge. pp. 1-14
Halliwell, Emma, Helen Malson and Irmgard Tischner. 2011. “Are Contemporary Media Images Which Seem to Display Women as Sexually Empowered Actually Harmful to Women?” Psychology of Women Quarterly 35(1) 38-45. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=00bbad1fad95ae6267b7e086ea99fe40a6490f6e.
Hamilton, Alexander. 1797. “Founders Online: Printed Version of the ‘Reynolds Pamphlet’, 1797.” National Archives and Records Administration. https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Hamilton/01-21-02-0138.
Hamilton, Alexander. 1797. “The Reynolds Pamphlet.” National Archives. https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Hamilton/01-21-02-0138-0002#ARHN-01-21-02-0138-0002-fn-0009.
Hamilton, Alexander. 1804. “From Alexander Hamilton to Elizabeth Hamilton, [4 July 1804].” National Archives and Records Administration, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Hamilton/01-26-02-0001-0248.
Herrera, Patricia. 2018. “Reckoning with America's Racial Past, Present and Future in Hamilton.” Historians on Hamilton: How a Blockbuster Musical Is Restaging America's Past, edited by Renee C. Romano and Claire Bond Potter. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.
Kowalke, Kim H. 2013. “Theorizing the Golden Age Musical: Genre, Structure, Syntax.” In GAMUT: Online Journal of the Music Theory Society of the Mid-Atlantic 6 (2). https://trace.tennessee.edu/gamut/vol6/iss2/6.
Laden, Sonja. 2004. “Recuperating the Archive: Anecdotal Evidence and Questions of“ Historical Realism”.” Poetics Today 25 (1): 1–28. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/03335372-25-1-1
Marsh, Madeleine. 2014. “A History of Red Lipstick: From Suffragettes to Coco Chanel: The Takeaway”. WNYC Studios website. https://www.wnycstudios.org/podcasts/takeaway/segments/history-red-lipstick-representation-female-strength.
Mazzeo, Tilar. 2018. “Author’s Note Her Story.” In The Extraordinary Life and Times of the Wife of Alexander Hamilton. New York: Gallery Books. pp. 576-596.
Miranda, Lin-Manuel and Jeremy McCarter. 2016. Hamilton: The Revolution. New York: Grand Central Publishing.
Miranda, Lin-Manuel, and Jeremy McCarter. 2016. Hamilton: The Revolution. New York City: Hachette Book Group.
Miranda, Lin-Manuel. 2015. “ Hamilton: A founding father takes to the stage”. Uploaded by CBS Sunday Morning on YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0wboCdgzLHg.
Miranda, Lin-Manuel. 2015. “Hurricane.” Hamilton: An American Musical. New York: Atlantic Records.
Miranda, Lin-Manuel. 2015. “Satisfied.” Hamilton: An American Musical. New York: Atlantic Records.
Miranda, Lin-Manuel. 2015. “Say No To This.” Hamilton: An American Musical. New York: Atlantic Records.
Miranda, Lin-Manuel. 2016. “Emma Watson interviews Lin-Manuel Miranda for HeForShe Arts Week. Totally Emma Watson”. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-NbEbkVrVWY.
Miranda, Lin-Manuel. 2016. “'Hamilton's America' Q&A | NYFF54”. Uploaded by Film at Lincoln Center on YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hIP7CUo46gg&list=PL2VH9V2I7ZAel8awmu2UuC94SVYOVac_r&index=42.
Miranda, Lin-Manuel. 2017. I'm as appalled and repulsed by the Weinstein news as anyone with a beating heart and forever in awe of the bravery of those who spoke out. October 10. X. https://twitter.com/Lin_Manuel/status/91772112802982707.
Miranda, Lin-Manuel. 2017. Lin-Manuel Miranda Talks Puerto Rico Relief Efforts and Freestyles the '5 Fingers of Death'. Uploaded by SwaysUniverse on YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=se0UNQVGwu8.
Miranda, Lin-Manuel. 2017. The woman blowing bubbles was a Sebastian favorite at the #Womensmarchlondon Pic.twitter.com/kss0fuelqm. X. https://twitter.com/Lin_Manuel/status/822803765845696512.
Miranda, Lin-Manuel. 2018. “Hamilton's America Interview with Lin Manuel Miranda PBS” Uploaded by Molloy Musical Theatre on YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKkj0Hu8Qg8.
Montrose, Louis Adrian. 1989. “Professing the Renaissance: The Poetics and Politics of Culture.” In The New Historicism, Harold Aram Veeser (ed.). New York: Routledge. pp.14-26
New Netherland Institute. n.d. Angelica Schuyler Church [1756-1814]. New Netherland Institute. https://www.newnetherlandinstitute.org/history-and-heritage/dutch_americans/angelica-schuyler-church1/.
Odom Jr., Leslie. 2015. “Who Lives, Who Dies, Who Tells Your Story.” Hamilton: An American Musical. New York: Atlantic Records.
Passion Project editors. 2018. “Strong Female Character Trope.” Passion Project Online. https://www.passionprojectonline.org/single-post/2018/03/28/strong-female-character-trope.
Pew Research Center. 2020. “61% of U.S. women say ‘feminist’ describes them well; many see feminism as empowering, polarizing.” Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/07/07/61-of-u-s-women-say-feminist-describes-them-well-many-see-feminism-as-empowering-polarizing/ft_2020-07-07_feminism_01/.
Public Broadcasting Service editors. n.d. Maria Reynolds. Public Broadcasting Service https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/duel-maria-reynolds/.
Rabin, Nathan. 2007. “The Bataan Death March of Whimsy Case File #1: Elizabethtown.” AV Club. https://www.avclub.com/the-bataan-death-march-of-whimsy-case-file-1-elizabet-1798210595.
Robbins, Hannah. 2020. “Hamilton – the diverse musical with representation problems.” The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/hamilton-the-diverse-musical-with-representation-problems-141473.
Safire, William. 2001. Scandalmonger. New York: Harvest Book.
Soo, Phillipa. 2015. “Burn.” Hamilton: An American Musical. New York: Atlantic Records.
Soo, Phillipa. 2015. “Helpless.” Hamilton: An American Musical. New York: Atlantic Records.
Soo, Phillipa. 2015. “Non-Stop.” Hamilton: An American Musical. New York: Atlantic Records.
Soo, Phillipa. 2015. “The Schuyler Sisters.” Hamilton: An American Musical. New York: Atlantic Records.
Soo, Phillipa. 2015. “Who Lives, Who Dies, Who Tells Your Story.” Hamilton: An American Musical. New York: Atlantic Records.
TV Tropes editors. n.d. “ Stuffed Into The Fridge”. TV Tropes. https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/StuffedIntoTheFridge.
Williams, Isi. 2020. “Sexism in Hamilton.” The Rattle Cap website. https://www.therattlecap.com/post/sexism-in-hamilton.
Wimsatt, W. K., and M. C. Beardsley. 1946. “The Intentional Fallacy.” The Sewanee Review 54, no. 3: 468–88. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27537676.
Wister, Sarah Burler, and Agnes Irwin. 1877. Worthy Women of Our First Century. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & co.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/nh.2024.9.185-202
Date of publication: 2024-12-30 19:41:49
Date of submission: 2024-02-29 21:24:15
Statistics
Indicators
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2024 Hana Lina Dalel Berraf
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.