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The Effect of Artificial Intelligence on Forensic Science: Technical and Legal Aspects
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming forensic science by increasing the speed and accuracy of investigations. This paper aims to examine how AI contributes to improving certain areas of forensic science, what regulatory approaches are emerging, and how strong the relationship between AI and legal frameworks should be. Research findings show that forensic science can be significantly enhanced by AI; however, there are high risks of error if specific rules are not followed. One of the most important principles is that decisions in legal proceedings should not be based solely on AI, and that it is always necessary that an expert validates the conclusions. Regarding AI regulation, there is an international consensus that AI-related legislation should ensure transparency, the protection of human rights, security, and accountability. However, countries differ in their approaches to the level of regulatory strictness, depending on their respective interests. Overall, our research demonstrates that, despite the associated risks, the use of AI in forensic science is highly important. Therefore, all necessary measures should be taken to ensure that AI is applied under appropriate conditions, enabling its further development.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/g.2026.73.1.23-38
Date of publication: 2026-09-22 15:20:36
Date of submission: 2026-03-20 12:53:26
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